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Polar Ice on Mars is pure water!

January 26th 2009 20:32
This blog should be renamed "What else happened on Mars?" in light of my preoccupation with posting news about the Red Planet.

I can't help it - I'm fascinated by the wealth of information that we're getting back from Mars, including some things that might make it easier for a colony to establish itself on Mars.

I suppose my fascination with the planet comes from the movie "Red Planet", where Val Kilmer realizes that the atmosphere on Mars is breathable, and then gives the finger:




Of course, I'm kidding. That was an awful movie, from my recollection.

Still, movies were responsible for delighting young minds with the prospect of living on another planet. "Total Recall", for one, as well as the Calvin & Hobbes strips on the subject.

The big deal on Mars would seem to be air and water, and the latest news suggests that water may be taken care of!


French researchers are announcing that radar data suggests that the ice on the Martian ice cap is 95% pure!


"Radar data sent back by the US Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO) point to 95 percent purity in this deposit, France's National Institute of Sciences of the Universe (Insu) said in a press release.

The Martian polar regions are believed to hold the equivalent of two to three million cubic kilometres" (0.47-0.72 million cu. miles) of ice, it said.


That makes it roughly 100 times more than the total volume of North America's Great Lakes, which is 22,684 cu. kms (5,439 miles)."

One hundred times the volume of all the Great Lakes? Great! Lakeside cottages and wakeboarding on Mars? Fishing trips? Polluted waterways?


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How do planes fly?

January 16th 2009 00:11
How Planes fly downward force exerted by air
The common understanding about the lift caused by an airplanes wing is that the air travels faster over the top than the bottom, as explained by this video:



Well, that's not the entire story, and the video hints at the other part of the reason: the angle of the wing.

From this presentation by David E. Anderson at Fermilab, we see that the airspeed at the top and bottom surfaces of the wing create a differential in pressure, due to Bernouilli's principle. Anderson notes that this pressure difference only creates a small amount of lift, certainly not enough to explain a huge metal aircraft in the sky.

What's the other part? It's much simpler to understand, thankfully.

The shape of the wing causes the flowing air to 'stick' to it, like water running from a tap might 'stick' to your hand, or the surface of a glass. This is called the Coanda effect, and forces the air to follow the shape of the wing - at the back, the wing directs the air downwards which, creates lift.

From dmeissler.com:

"On a plane this equates to grabbing the air going over the top of the wing and pulling it snug to the downward sloping wing surface. This redirects massive amounts of air toward the ground, which results in an upward force, i.e. lift."

This makes more intuitive sense... as dmeissler points out, if you stick your hand out the window of a moving car, you can feel the effect of lift from the redirection of air.

I'm thankful for this explanation, which makes the idea of flight easier to swallow... the idea that Bernouilli's Principle is the only thing working for us is a little frightening when you're hanging up there in the sky.



*this image is from the David E. Anderson presentation
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Methane release on Mars in summer
This image is from a startling press release from NASA, stating that they've measured unusual amounts of methane in the Martian atmosphere.

""Methane is quickly destroyed in the Martian atmosphere in a variety of ways, so our discovery of substantial plumes of methane in the northern hemisphere of Mars in 2003 indicates some ongoing process is releasing the gas," said Dr. Michael Mumma of NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Md. "At northern mid-summer, methane is released at a rate comparable to that of the massive hydrocarbon seep at Coal Oil Point in Santa Barbara, Calif.""

Living organisms produce methane in abundance, which is why it's an interesting marker for the potential for life on Mars. Coupled with the discovery that there are glaciers and water on Mars, and this whole racket starts to sound a lot more interesting...

Methane is also caused by certain geological processes, though. NASA elaborates:

"On Earth, the conversion of iron oxide (rust) into the serpentine group of minerals creates methane, and on Mars this process could proceed using water, carbon dioxide, and the planet's internal heat. Although we don’t have evidence on Mars of active volcanoes today, ancient methane trapped in ice "cages" called clathrates might now be released."

It'd be disappointing to go all the way to Mars to find life, only to discover than it's just about the iron oxide - but geologists are still excited, as it means that the geological party is still happening on Mars.

Of course, regardless of whether we find what we're looking for, it is a good mystery, and one that the next Mars Lander will be put on the case. We'll sit at our computers, fingers tensed, waiting for the news.

One commenter firmly believes that NASA knows all about the aliens, though:

"nasa already knows about aliens in space that have been observing there missions for years , Go to youtube and type nasa ufos and research it for yourselves, There have already been a couple astronuts who have come out and talked about ufos they have seen while in space goorden cooper and edgar mitchael, Do the research yourself the truth is out there"

The truth is out there - nothing better than quoting the X-Files to get NASA or anyone else to take you seriously...


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Test tube artificial life

In an important step towards creating artificial life, researchers have managed to create RNA that self-replicates, producing its own little ecosystem.

[ Click here to read more ]
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Using lasers for better random numbers

December 31st 2008 05:57
Semiconductor laser


Random numbers are incredibly important to the information age, used for cryptography and statistics. Currently, your computer generates random numbers psuedo-randomly, by taking the quickly-chaning last digits of the computer's internal clock, which, to you, seem random


[ Click here to read more ]
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3D Images of the Martian surface

December 25th 2008 05:03
3D images of Mars in stereoscopic vision
This image was taken by the Mars Orbiter, resolving the surface of the Red Planet in one meter resolution as part of HIRISE, or High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment, reported in New Scientist.

"The photos, known as anaglyphs, come from the orbiter's High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment, or HiRISE, billed as the most powerful camera ever placed in another planet's orbit. "

[ Click here to read more ]
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Crowded Chinese Beach during heatwave

Found on BoingBoing, but originally posted by Alex Steffen on Worldchanging: the idea of how important peak population is.

[ Click here to read more ]
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Buried glaciers found on Mars!

December 9th 2008 21:03
I got a little excited a month ago, when they announced that it was snowing on Mars. A litlte bit of snow, evaporating before it hit the ground - still, it was water, and that's what we need for a long, tall drink of extraterrestrial life.

Well, NASA has blown my mind right open, like a blasting cap opening a dented can of baked beans: massive buried glaciers detected on Mars!
[ Click here to read more ]
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Pink Floyd Dark Side of the Moon

The Japanese Space Agency has detected a gravity 'anomaly' on both the near side and the far side of the moon - no word on the dark side, as of yet, but Pink Floyd is preparing their arsenal of guitar-based weapons.

[ Click here to read more ]
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New material better than Teflon BAM
Teflon has definitely improved my life - before Teflon, I was scraping out burnt scrambled eggs off my skillets. Now, with the gentle ease of a hungry giant, I flip perfect sunny-side-up eggs onto my toast, and then dollop a little touch of Hollandaise sauce.

That's not good enough for these ungrateful scientists, though... they accidentally found a substance, which they call BAM, that is one of the world's hardest substances, and is much more slippery than Teflon.
[ Click here to read more ]
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